According to H.M. Johnson, the main elements of culture are: – Cognitive factors, beliefs, values and norms, signs and non-normative behaviors. 1. Cognitive factors The cultures of all societies, whether literate or not, have vast knowledge about the physical and social world. This possession of knowledge is called the cognitive component. Even the most primitive…
Scope of Sociology – Every science has its own field of study. Unless the boundaries of science are set and the scope is clearly defined, it becomes difficult for anyone to study science systematically. Unfortunately, there is no consensus among sociologists about the scope of sociology. V.F. Culverton commented: “Sociology is such a flexible science…
Branches of Sociology – Sociology is a rapidly growing discipline. Sociologists strive to include almost all aspects of human social life in their research. Sociology tends to fall into an endless list of disciplines. Therefore, there are several specialties in research, each of which can apply its own approach and techniques. Here is a small…
Forms of Party Systems – There are various classifications of party systems based on different criteria. The commonly used criteria are: (1) number of parties within the system: (2) the structures ofparties within the system; and (3) the relative strengths of the political parties. The traditional basis for the classification of party system has been…
HC Kolkata on Immoral Traffic Act, 1956. The client cannot be prosecuted until proven to have exploited the sex worker. HC Kolkata: A brothel customer cannot be prosecuted under the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 unless it is proved that he is financially exploiting a sex worker, the Calcutta HC has ordered. The HC, while…
Rural sociology is a specialized field of sociology. As the name suggests, it is a village or rural society. It is a systematic and scientific study of rural society. The majority of people on earth live in villages and rural areas. They follow somewhat different career and life patterns than those living in urban areas….